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New medical risks affecting obstetrics after implementation of the two-child policy in China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 570-575 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0552-5

摘要：

China recently instituted a two-child policy in response to its aging population, declining workforce and demographic dividend, and the need to develop asocial economy. Additionally, women generally delay having a second child because of the overwhelming pressure in their lives. With the improvements in assisted fertility technologies in recent years, the number of elderly women attempting to bear children has increased. The quality of woman’s eggs and a man’s sperm declined dramatically with increasing age, leading to an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications among older women. Therefore, the types of fertility problems experienced by elderly females must be provided with considerable attention by obstetricians. This commentary article focuses on the medical problems faced by older second-child pregnant women. This work discusses their increased rates of infertility, spontaneous abortion, fetal malformation, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum depression, and hypertensive disorders, which complicate pregnancy.

关键词： two-child policy     birth defects     cesarean delivery     placenta previa    

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北京市剖宫产育龄妇女产后避孕意愿分析

沈洁,高丽丽,潘迎

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第5期   页码 16-19

摘要：

为了了解北京市剖宫产术后妇女的避孕意愿及其影响因素，在北京市城、近、郊区采用分层整群抽样方法随机抽取2011 年7 月—2011 年12 月期间接受剖宫产手术的产妇364 名，进行问卷调查。采用卡方检验和多因素Logistic 回归方法对问卷调查结果进行分析。结果显示，被调查妇女平均年龄为（31±4.53）岁，剖宫产术后计划恢复性生活时间中位数为7 周。96.43 %的妇女对于产后可以采用的避孕方法并不清楚。仅有27.74 %的妇女表示产后会尽早或立即采取避孕措施，避孕套是妇女首选的产后避孕方法，占75.27 %。72.25 %的妇女没有避孕计划或要等到产后3 个月才开始避孕。62.64 %的妇女在剖宫产术后接受了避孕指导，医生推荐的产后避孕方法中避孕套占首位。医生强调剖宫产术后避孕的重要性、妇女具备正确产后避孕知识是妇女剖宫产术后尽早开始避孕的保护因素。剖宫产妇女对产后避孕服务有较高需求，希望在产前保健或产后访视时能得到专业人员的产后避孕咨询指导。剖宫产术后再次妊娠存在健康风险，剖宫产妇女产后尽早落实避孕措施应引起高度关注。建议尽快针对剖宫产妇女开展产后避孕服务，摸索适合北京的服务模式，以满足需求，减少产后非意愿妊娠的发生，降低剖宫产术后人工流产的风险。

关键词： 育龄妇女     剖宫产术后     产后服务     避孕    

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Biodegradable polymethacrylic acid grafted psyllium for controlled drug delivery systems

Ranvijay KUMAR, Kaushlendra SHARMA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 116-122 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1310-0

摘要： Polymethacrylic acid (PMA) was synthesized on the backbone of psyllium (Psy) by a microwave assisted method to prepare polymeric grafted materials designated as (Psy- -PMA). Various grades of Psy- -PMA were prepared by changing the degree of grafting from 35%–58% and the materials were then made into tablets. Swelling and biodegradability studies of the tablets were carried out. Acetyl salicylic acid was incorporated in the various Psy- -PMA samples and tablets were prepared to study the in vitro drug release in acidic (pH= 4), neutral (pH= 7), and basic (pH= 9) media. In the acidic medium, the swelling was more than 1300%. In addition, the biodegradable Psy- -PMA had the highest drug release in the acidic medium. This may be attributed to Fickian diffusion since the drug and the medium in which it was released have the same acidic nature.

关键词： psyllium     acetyl salicylic acid     in-vitro drug release     swelling     biodegradation    

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Engineering platelet-mimicking drug delivery vehicles

Quanyin Hu, Hunter N. Bomba, Zhen Gu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 624-632 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1614-6

摘要： Platelets dynamically participate in various physiological processes, including wound repair, bacterial clearance, immune response, and tumor metastasis. Recreating the specific biological features of platelets by mimicking the structure of the platelet or translocating the platelet membrane to synthetic particles holds great promise in disease treatment. This review highlights recent advancements made in the platelet-mimicking strategies. The future opportunities and translational challenges are also discussed.

关键词： drug delivery     platelets     nanomedicine     bio-inspired     biomimetic    

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Gene delivery into isolated

Nan Zheng, Ziyuan Song, Yang Liu, Lichen Yin, Jianjun Cheng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 521-528 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1612-8

摘要： The application of gene delivery materials has been mainly focused on mammalian cells while rarely extended to plant engineering. Cationic polymers and lipids have been widely utilized to efficiently deliver DNA and siRNA into mammalian cells. However, their application in plant cells is limited due to the different membrane structures and the presence of plant cell walls. In this study, we developed the cationic, -helical polypeptide that can effectively deliver DNA into both isolated protoplasts and intact leaves. The PPABLG was able to condense DNA to form nanocomplexes, and they exhibited significantly improved transfection efficiencies compared with commercial transfection reagent Lipofectamine 2000 and classical cell penetrating peptides such as poly(L-lysine), HIV-TAT, arginine9, and poly(L-arginine). This study therefore widens the utilities of helical polypeptide as a unique category of gene delivery materials, and may find their promising applications toward plant gene delivery.

关键词： α-helical polypeptide     plant gene delivery     protoplast     intact leaves     transfection    

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Introduction to the special issue of the 2009 International Symposium on Crystal Engineering & Drug Delivery

Zhijian CHEN, Wei LI,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 1-1 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0306-2

摘要：
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Controlled drug delivery systems: the next 30 years

Yeonhee YUN,Byung Kook LEE,Kinam PARK

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 276-279 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1426-x

摘要： The drug delivery scientists need to reexamine the advances made during the past 60 years, analyze our current abilities, and design the future technologies that will propel us to achieve the next level of drug delivery technologies. History shows that the first generation (1G) of drug delivery research during 1950–1980 was quite productive, while the second generation (2G) technologies developed during 1980–2010 were not as prolific. The ultimate goal of drug delivery research is to develop clinically useful formulations to treat various diseases. Effective drug delivery systems can be developed by overcoming formulation barriers and/or biological barriers. The engineering approach has a limit in solving the problem, if biological difficulties are not clearly identified and understood. The third generation (3G) drug delivery systems will have to focus on understanding the biological barriers so that they can be overcome by engineering manipulation of the drug delivery systems. Advances in the next 30 years will be most accelerated by starting open dialogues without any preconceived ideas on drug delivery technologies. The new generation of drug delivery scientists needs to be aware of the successes and limitations of the existing technologies to design the new technologies for meaningful advances in the future.

关键词： drug delivery     history     formulation barriers     nanotechnology     clinical product    

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Bioorthogonal chemistry based on-demand drug delivery system in cancer therapy

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 483-489 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2227-2

摘要： Benefiting from the advantage of taking place in biological environments without interfering with an innate biochemical process, the bioorthogonal reaction that commonly contains the “bond formation” and “bond cleavage” system has been widely used in targeted therapy for a variety of tumors. Herein, several prominent cases based on the bioorthogonal reaction that tailoring the metabolic glycoengineering tactics to modified cells for cancer immunotherapy, and the innovative tactics for reducing the metal ions’ toxic and side effects with microneedle patches will be highlighted. Based on these applications, the complexities, potential pitfalls, and opportunities of bioorthogonal chemistry in future cancer therapy will be evaluated.

关键词： bioorthogonal reaction     cancer therapy     metabolic glycoengineering     bioorthogonal catalytic patch    

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Effect of the new maternity insurance scheme on medical expenditures for caesarean delivery in Wuxi,

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 473-480 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0479-

摘要：

Aiming to control rising medical expenditures and help improve China’s healthcare systems, this study examined whether a cap-based medical insurance scheme with shared financial interest between the insurance and healthcare providers is effective in containing hospitals’ C-section medical expenditures. We used 6547 caesarean delivery case records from a teaching tertiary-level general public hospital located in Wuxi, China (2004–2013), and used the Chow test to investigate the possibility of significant variation in mean medical expenditures for caesarean deliveries pre- and post-reform. We also used paired sample t-tests and linear regression models to compare the mean medical expenditures between insured and uninsured women undergoing caesarean delivery during the post-reform period. After the scheme’s implementation, medical expenditures for caesarean deliveries declined and the medical expenditures of women covered by the scheme were significantly lower than those of uninsured patients. These findings indicated the scheme’s effectiveness in minimizing caesarean delivery expenditures. The cap-based medical insurance scheme with shared financial interest between insurance and healthcare providers would likely steer healthcare providers’ behaviors in a more cost-effective direction.

关键词： maternity insurance scheme     financial incentive     caesarean delivery     medical expenditure     China    

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Economic analysis of a hybrid solar-fuel cell power delivery system using tuned genetic algorithm

Trina SOM, Niladri CHAKRABORTY

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 12-20 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0172-3

摘要： An economic evaluation of a network of distributed energy resources (DERs) comprising a microgrid structure of power delivery system in an Indian scenario has been made. The mathematical analysis is based on the application of tuned genetic algorithm (TGA). The analyses for optimal power operation pertaining to minimum cost have been made for two cases in Indian power delivery system. The first case deals with the consumers’ individual optimal operation of DERs, while in the second one, consumers altogether form a microgrid with the optimal supply of power from DERs. The total annual costs for these two cases are found to be economically competitive and encouraging. A reduction of approximately 5.7% in the annual cost has been obtained in the case of microgid system than that in the separately operating consumers’ system for a small locality of India. It is observed that the application of TGA results in a reduction of the minimum cost depicting an improved outcome in terms of energy economy.

关键词： distributed energy resources (DERs)     microgrid     tuned genetic algorithm (TGA)    

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Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) for drug delivery: A critical review

Simin Feng, Xiaoli Zhang, Dunyun Shi, Zheng Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 221-237 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1927-8

摘要： Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), composed of Zn ions and imidazolate ligands, is a class of metal-organic frameworks, which possesses a similar structure as conventional aluminosilicate zeolites. This material exhibits inherent porous property, high loading capacity, and pH-sensitive degradation, as well as exceptional thermal and chemical stability. Extensive research effort has been devoted to relevant research aspects ranging from synthesis methods, property characterization to potential applications of ZIF-8. This review focuses on the recent development of ZIF-8 synthesis methods and its promising applications in drug delivery. The potential risks of using ZIF-8 for drug delivery are also summarized.

关键词： zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)     synthesis methods     applications     drug delivery    

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A Double-Layer Polysaccharide Hydrogel (DPH) for the Enhanced Intestine-Targeted Oral Delivery of Probiotics

Wen-Can Huang,Wenjie Wang,Wei Wang,Yanan Hao,Changhu Xue,Xiangzhao Mao,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.024

摘要： Transplantation of probiotics to the intestine can positively regulate the gut microbiota, thereby promoting the immune system and treating various diseases. However, the harsh gastrointestinal environment and short retention time in the gastrointestinal tract significantly limit the bioavailability and intestinal colonization of probiotics. Herein, we present a double-layer polysaccharide hydrogel (DPH) in the form of a double-layer structure composed of a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCL) supramolecular inner layer and a dialdehyde alginate (DAA) cross-linked carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) outer layer. This double-layer structure allows DPH to encapsulate and deliver probiotics in a targeted manner within the body. In the stomach, the cage structure of the DPH is closed, and the outer layer absorbs surrounding liquids to form a barrier to protect the probiotics from gastric fluids. In the intestine, the cage structure opens and disintegrates, releasing the probiotics. Thus, DPH endows probiotics with excellent intestine-targeted delivery, improved oral bioavailability, enhanced gastrointestinal tract tolerance, and robust mucoadhesion capacity. The encapsulated probiotics exhibit almost unchanged bioactivity in the gastrointestinal tract before release, as well as improved oral delivery. In particular, probiotics encapsulated by DPH exhibit 100.1 times higher bioavailability and 10.6 times higher mucoadhesion than free probiotics in an animal model 48 h post-treatment. In addition, with a remarkable ability to survive and be retained in the intestine, probiotics encapsulated by DPH show excellent in vitro and in vivo competition with pathogens. Notably, DAA-mediated dynamic crosslinking not only maintains the overall integrity of the hydrogels but also controls the release timing of the probiotics. Thus, it is expected that encapsulated substances (probiotics, proteins, etc.) can be delivered to specific sites of the intestinal tract by means of DPH, by controlling the dynamic covalent crosslinking.

关键词： Polysaccharides     Chitosan     Hydrogels     Oral delivery     Intestine-targeted    

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Barriers to advancing nanotechnology to better improve and translate nanomedicines

Yuwei WANG,David W. Grainger

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 265-275 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1442-x

摘要： Engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnologies promise many benefits to enhance both and performance. This is now manifest in the increasing number of reported biomedical products under development and testing that contain nanotechnologies as their distinguishing performance—enhancing components. In many cases, nano-sized materials are selected to provide a specific functional aspect that contributes to improved medical performance, either or . Nanoparticles are most commonly exploited in diverse roles in topical lotions and creams, solubilization aids, for and diagnostic and targeting agents in nanomedicines and theranostics. Despite fundamental scientific excitement and many claims to nanotechnology-based improvements in new biomedical applications, several fundamental and long-standing challenges remain to be addressed using nanomedicines to make clinically important progress. This review addresses several issues that must be fairly and objectively reported and then overcome to provide truly credible performance for nanomedicines.

关键词： nanotechnology     nanomedicine     drug delivery     therapeutic     target delivery    

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Molecular engineering of dendrimer nanovectors for siRNA delivery and gene silencing

Yu Cao, Xiaoxuan Liu, Ling Peng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 663-675 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1623-5

摘要： Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics hold great promise to treat a variety of diseases, as long as they can be delivered safely and effectively into cells. Dendrimers are appealing vectors for siRNA delivery by virtue of their well-defined molecular architecture and multivalent cooperativity. However, the clinical translation of RNA therapeutics mediated by dendrimer delivery is hampered by the lack of dendrimers that are of high quality to meet good manufacturing practice standard. In this context, we have developed small amphiphilic dendrimers that self-assemble into supramolecular structures, which mimic high-generation dendrimers synthesized with covalent construction, yet are easy to produce in large amount and superior quality. Indeed, the concept of supramolecular dendrimers has proved to be very promising, and has opened up a new avenue for dendrimer-mediated siRNA delivery. A series of self-assembling supramolecular dendrimers have consequently been established, some of them out-performing the currently available nonviral vectors in delivering siRNA to various cell types and , including human primary cells and stem cells. This short review presents a brief introduction to RNAi therapeutics, the obstacles to their delivery and the advantages of dendrimer delivery vectors as well as our bio-inspired structurally flexible dendrimers for siRNA delivery. We then highlight our efforts in creating self-assembling amphiphilic dendrimers to construct supramolecular dendrimer nanosystems for effective siRNA delivery as well as the related structural alterations to enhance delivery efficiency. The advent of self-assembling supramolecular dendrimer nanovectors holds great promise and heralds a new era of dendrimer-mediated delivery of RNA therapeutics in biomedical applications.

关键词： gene therapy     RNAi therapeutics     dendrimer     nanovectors     gene silencing    

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Significance and strategies in developing delivery systems for bio-macromolecular drugs

Huining HE, Qiuling LIANG, Meong Cheol SHIN, Kyuri LEE, Junbo GONG, Junxiao YE, Quan LIU, Jingkang WANG, Victor YANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 496-507 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1362-1

摘要： Successful development of a new drug is prohibitively expensive, and is estimated to cost approximately $100–500 million US dollars for a single clinical drug. Yet, a newly developed drug can only enjoy its patent protection for 18 years, meaning that after this protected time period, any company can manufacture this product and thus the profit generated by this drug entity would reduce dramatically. Most critically, once a drug is being synthesized, its physical, chemical, and biological attributes such as bioavailability and in vivo pharmacokinetics are all completely fixed and cannot be changed. In principal and practice, only the application of an appropriately designed drug delivery system (DDS) is able to overcome such limitations, and yet the cost of developing a novel drug delivery system is less than 10% of that of developing a new drug. Because of these reasons, the new trend in pharmaceutical development has already begun to shift from the single direction of developing new drugs in the past to a combined mode of developing both new drugs and innovative drug delivery systems in this century. Hence, for developing countries with relatively limited financial resources, a smart strategic move would be to focus on the development of new DDS, which has a significantly higher benefit/risk ratio when comparing to the development of a new drug. Because of the unmatched reaction efficiency and a repetitive action mode, the therapeutic activity of a single bio-macromolecular drug (e.g., protein toxins, gene products, etc.) is equivalent to about 10 –10 of that from a conventional small molecule anti-cancer agent (e.g., doxorubicin). Hence, bio-macromolecular drugs have been recognized around the world as the future “drug-of-choice”. Yet, among the>10000 drugs that are currently available, only ~150 of them belong to these bio-macromolecular drugs (an exceedingly low 1.2%), reflecting the difficulties of utilizing these agents in clinical practice. In general, the bottleneck limitations of these bio-macromolecular drugs are two-fold: (1) the absence of a preferential action of the drug on tumor cells as opposed to normal tissues, and (2) the lack of ability to cross the tumor cell membrane. In this review, we provide strategies of how to solve these problems simultaneously and collectively via the development of innovative drug delivery systems. Since worldwide progress on bio-macromolecular therapeutics still remains in the infant stage and thus open for an equal-ground competition, we wish that this review would echo the desire to industrialized countries such as China to set up its strategic plan on developing delivery systems for these bio-macromolecular drugs, thereby realizing their clinical potential.

关键词： delivery systems     bio-macromolecular drugs     cell penetrating peptides    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

New medical risks affecting obstetrics after implementation of the two-child policy in China

null

期刊论文

北京市剖宫产育龄妇女产后避孕意愿分析

沈洁,高丽丽,潘迎

期刊论文

Biodegradable polymethacrylic acid grafted psyllium for controlled drug delivery systems

Ranvijay KUMAR, Kaushlendra SHARMA

期刊论文

Engineering platelet-mimicking drug delivery vehicles

Quanyin Hu, Hunter N. Bomba, Zhen Gu

期刊论文

Gene delivery into isolated

Nan Zheng, Ziyuan Song, Yang Liu, Lichen Yin, Jianjun Cheng

期刊论文

Introduction to the special issue of the 2009 International Symposium on Crystal Engineering & Drug Delivery

Zhijian CHEN, Wei LI,

期刊论文

Controlled drug delivery systems: the next 30 years

Yeonhee YUN,Byung Kook LEE,Kinam PARK

期刊论文

Bioorthogonal chemistry based on-demand drug delivery system in cancer therapy

期刊论文

Effect of the new maternity insurance scheme on medical expenditures for caesarean delivery in Wuxi,

null

期刊论文

Economic analysis of a hybrid solar-fuel cell power delivery system using tuned genetic algorithm

Trina SOM, Niladri CHAKRABORTY

期刊论文

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) for drug delivery: A critical review

Simin Feng, Xiaoli Zhang, Dunyun Shi, Zheng Wang

期刊论文

A Double-Layer Polysaccharide Hydrogel (DPH) for the Enhanced Intestine-Targeted Oral Delivery of Probiotics

Wen-Can Huang,Wenjie Wang,Wei Wang,Yanan Hao,Changhu Xue,Xiangzhao Mao,

期刊论文

Barriers to advancing nanotechnology to better improve and translate nanomedicines

Yuwei WANG,David W. Grainger

期刊论文

Molecular engineering of dendrimer nanovectors for siRNA delivery and gene silencing

Yu Cao, Xiaoxuan Liu, Ling Peng

期刊论文

Significance and strategies in developing delivery systems for bio-macromolecular drugs

Huining HE, Qiuling LIANG, Meong Cheol SHIN, Kyuri LEE, Junbo GONG, Junxiao YE, Quan LIU, Jingkang WANG, Victor YANG

期刊论文